THOR Process Memory Matches with Surrounding Strings

Jan 6, 2021 | Newsletter, Nextron, THOR, THOR Lite

Following THOR’s approach of showing suspicious elements, it is not feasible to completely avoid false positives. Therefore we always try to provide as much information as possible for an analyst to assess such a suspicious element as quickly as possible.

Users liked the DeeDive feature in which a string match on a chunk of data does not only include the matching string but also the surrounding strings, which help enormously to evaluate the criticality of a matching YARA signature. 

The TechPreview version of THOR 10.6 now introduces this extra information in many other modules. 

The following example shows a false positive in which the string ‘ -p 0x53A4C60B’ matched on the process memory of the ‘svchost.exe’ process with the full command line as ‘svchost.exe -k ClipboardSvcGroup -p’.   

In previous versions THOR you would only see the matching string, but the new versions will also show the 40 bytes before and after the string match. (in the example it has been set to 100 bytes by using `–string-context 100`)

This helps analysts to assess the match more easily without having a process memory dump. In the example above, analyst can review that data block in which the string match occurred and see that it has been within HTML text that has been copied to memory. It could be an analyst system on which someone handling forensic reports copied sections from one document to another, but it’s certainly not the threat, which the YARA rule tried to detect. 

This feature will be available in the upcoming THOR TechPreview 10.6.4. 

VALHALLA API 1.1 Changes

Jan 5, 2021 | Newsletter, Nextron, VALHALLA

We’ve made some changes to VALHALLA and released version 1.1 and valhallAPI version 0.5 to reflect these changes.

The new modified date shows when this rule has last been modified. 

See this example.

The modified date will also appear in the JSON feed and metadata of the text feed.

Rules now contain a “hash1” value, which is one of the samples from which it has been derived.

The API offers two new endpoints named “keyword” and “keyword-matches”, which allow two new lookups. (customers only)

The “keyword” lookup is not very spectacular and simply returns a list of rule meta data based on a certain keyword. 

However, the “keyword-matches” endpoint adds a new vector. It combines a keyword lookup on the rules with a lookup on matches created by these rules. 

E.g. by providing the keyword “Turla”, you get a list of sample hashes on which Turla related rules matched in the past.

The new valhallaAPI client and Python module in version 0.5 allow to use these features.

You can upgrade your current version with

pip3 install valhallaAPI --upgrade

New Features: Progress Bar and HTML Report Filter Functions

Dec 23, 2020 | Newsletter, THOR, THOR Lite

We would like to inform you about three new comfort features that will be available in the upcoming THOR versions including THOR Lite. 

Improved HTML Reports

The new HTML reports allow analysts to filter elements that turn out to be false positives and remove them from the current view. It also adds useful lookup functions for Virustotal, RiskIQ and VALHALLA. 

Filter and remove false positives in your analysis

Apply filters directly from the modules menu and reduce the events to events from module X only

Direct lookups on Virustotal, RiskIQ and VALHALLA right from the report

The new report functions will be available in the upcoming THOR v10.5.10 and THOR TechPreview v10.6.3, which will be released in January 2021. 

Smart Progress Bar

Due to ongoing demand, we’ve added a progress bar to all longer running modules and a progress indicator to all the other modules. So far, we’ve avoided adding a progress bar or any kind of command line output that works with control characters to reduce the risks of side effects caused by THOR running in non-interactive sessions, e.g. with Splunk Forwarders’ scripted input. 

But THOR version 10 is able to determine if it is running in an interactive session and enables the progress bar only in these cases.

Progress bar in “Filescan” module

Progress bar in “Eventlog” module

New Option in Interrupt Menu

Another feature to highlight is the option to skip a module that doesn’t finish or seems to be stalled. 

The interrupt menu (CTRL+C) offers another option (X) to skip the current module and continue with the next one.

Performance Refactoring in THOR v10.5.9 and THOR TechPreview v10.6.2

Dec 19, 2020 | Newsletter, THOR

We are glad to announce significant performance improvements in the latest versions of THOR.

We’ve refactored several processing units to bulk scan elements that have previously been checked each at a time. These changes affect the modules “Eventlog”, “Registry”, “RegistryHive” and “Logscan”. 

The performance improvements are impressive, especially on systems with big Windows event logs or log files on disk, but also on systems that contain a lot of registry hives like domain controllers or multi-user systems. 

As these changes result in significant speed benefits, we’ve decided to exclude some elements from the “max-file-size” limit.

In the past, log files or registry hives bigger than “max-file-size” (default 12MB) have been skipped in normal scan modes. Only in intense (–intense) and lab scanning mode (–fsonly / –lab in TechPreview) these files have been included and analyzed with the respective modules.

THOR v10.5.9 and THOR v10.6.2 TechPreview now include these elements in their deeper analysis during file system scans. This could lead to longer scan times in some cases. We believe that overall scans turn out to be suprisingly faster and would be interested in feedback on the scan durations in your environments. 

THOR 10 Legacy for Windows XP and Windows 2003

Dec 17, 2020 | Newsletter, THOR, YARA

We’ve been working on a legacy version of our scanner THOR 10 for a while and started our closed BETA, which is available to all current customers and on special request.

The THOR legacy version does not incldue the following modules/features:

  • Module: Eventlog scanning
  • Feature: Deeper process analysis for injection, doppelgaenging, hollowing etc. using PE-Sieve

THOR Legacy runs on:

  • Windows XP x86
  • Windows Server 2003 x86 / x64
  • Windows Vista x86 / x64
  • Windows Server 2008 x64

We offer only limited support for this version and don’t plan to release it for old Linux or macOS versions.

THOR 10 Legacy on Windows Server 2003

THOR 10 Legacy on Windows XP

Please contact us if you are interested in participating in the closed BETA. 

THOR Forensic Lab License Features

Nov 11, 2020 | Newsletter, THOR

THOR version 10.6, which is currently available as TechPreview, introduces several new features that facilitates the use of THOR in a digital forensics lab. Since not all of the features provided with the “Forensic Lab” license type are well-known, we would like to introduce all features that are unique to that special license type in this blog post.

Forensic Lab License Features

  • Multi-threaded scanning (improves scan speed significantly on multi-core systems)
  • Multi-instance scanning (run multiple THOR processes on a single machine)
  • Memory dump scanning (use the so-called DeepDive on dumped data, e.g. memory images)
  • Dropzone mode (monitor folder for new files, scan them and generate events) 
  • Hostname replacement (replace hostname in log messages with a given string)
  • Virtual drive mapping (Map a mounted drive e.g. S: to a virtual drive e.g. C: to allow lookups for files mentioned in analyzed entries; more info here)

Multi-Threaded Scanning

Multi-threaded scanning allows users on forensic workstations to make full use of the system’s CPU cores. Multi-threading isn’t available in all modules but the ones with the biggest run time: 

  • File Scan
  • Registry Scan
  • Eventlog Scan

It is also available in DropZone mode, which means that dropping dropping 12 files in the monitored folder would create 12 threads scanning these files in parallel. 

We plan to refactor the following modules to support multi-threading:

  • DeepDive

Multi-Instance Scanning

Multi-instance scanning means that you can start multiple executables of THOR on a single workstation.

This is often needed in lab environments to process mounted disk images in parallel and create separate reports for these two cases. 

Memory Image Scanning

We provide a module named “DeepDive” that analyzes files of any size by reading big chunks of data and applying YARA rules to the chunks of data, showing YARA matches within that data with offset and matching strings / bytes. 

It is not meant for the analysis of disk images but memory dumps, crash dumps or even PCAP files.  

Dropzone Mode

The drop zone mode allows you to monitor a given folder for new files. All files dropped to that folder will be scanned and then deleted. Customers use  text and syslog output to report back findings.

The drop zone mode helps you to integrate THOR in a bigger analysis environment. We recommend dropping files in their original form with the correct filename and extension, since some of the rules make use of these meta data values.

Side note: If you like the idea of a drop zone, you’ll love THOR Thunderstorm.

Other Comfort Features

Other features relate to command line parameters that help you with different aspects of disk image scanning your forensic lab. We’ve added these features over the years based on a lot for feedback from DFIR specialists and BETA program users. 

There’s a Thunderstorm Coming

Oct 1, 2020 | Newsletter, THOR, Thunderstorm, YARA

We are proud to announce a groundbreaking new scan mode named “Thunderstorm” that we’ve integrated into preview builds of the upcoming THOR version 10.6.

This mode of operation turns THOR into a RESTful web service that is able to process thousands of samples per minute sent from any device within the network.

Think of it as your ultra-fast on-premise scan service, wich is bundled with more than 13,000 hand-crafted YARA rules focusing on persistent threats and forensic artefacts.

Collect files and submit them for analysis from any operating system and any hardware platform. The possibilities are limitless.

With this blog post, we’d like to highlight some of these new possibilities.

Thunder rolls, lightning strikes & the hammer flies across the sky.
God of the weather,
chariot of the storm,
master of rain & torrents.
Son of the strength
of Mother Earth,
I ask you to grant me that strength for myself.

Norse Poem

What is THOR Thunderstorm?

A RESTful web service that receives samples and returns a scan result. It is feature-rich and very fast.

Use Cases

Use Case 1 – Remote File Collection

During forensic investigations, automated file collection (ESI) from one or multiple remote systems can be combined with THOR Thunderstorm to improve the forensic anylsis.

Alerts and warnings produced by THOR Thunderstorm highlight interesting elements in file data, registry hives, eventlog files and more.

Use Case 2 – ICS Networks

ICS networks are mission critical, requiring immediate and high-availability. The installation of an endpoint agent or running a portable scanner is often out of question.

With THOR Thunderstorm, you just have to collect and submit the files.

Use Case 3 – Out of Reach Devices

Since file collection is a lot easier than endpoint scanning, all you need is way to export the remote system’s files or directly send them to THOR Thunderstorm.

Imagine that you can collect and submit files from network devices, telephone systems or embedded devices.

Use Case 4 – Out of Reach Operating Systems

File collection scripts for many old or usually unsupported operating systems allow you to upload samples for analysis.

Select files based on size, age or type and schedule frequent upload tasks to analyze only new or modified files. 

Use Case 5 – S3 Bucket Scanning

We’ve been working with our partner Adolus to showcase a tuned version of AirBnb’s BinaryAlert in which the standard YARA analyzer has been replaced by THOR Thunderstorm.

By using it in a container that scales with the demand, you can process millions of files in a few minutes.

Flexibility

Most operating system provide tools to walk the file system and submit files via HTTP. The following examples are intentionally short and compact to inspire you with their simplicity. Think of all devices that you could analyze this way. No agent, no portable scanner, just simple file submission via HTTP.

Windows 10 Batch

This example shows a simple batch file that walks recursively over a given folder an submits all files. You could extend it to the whole disk and reduce the submission to certain file extensions (e.g. exe, bat, ps1, js).

Linux Web Server

This examples shows how easy it is to get all files in a web server root checked by THOR Thunderstorm just by using bash, find and curl.

 

Thunderstorm Components

The following slide lists the different components that can be used with THOR Thunderstorm. We provide a server installer script, collectors, a Python API client and update scripts. 

In addition to the Thunderstorm server we provide a set of simple sample collection tools called Thunderstorm Collectors, a Python-based API library with command line client and a set of helper scripts. 

Thunderstorm Collectors

The Thunderstorm Collector repository contains a Go based collector, precompiled for many different operating systems and architectures as well as collectors scripts (Batch, Bash, PowerShell).

We have pre-build collectors for Windows, Linux, macOS, AIX, Solaris on x86, x64, Arm, PowerPC, MIPS, RISC-V, Plan9, S390x (IBM Z) architectures.

These collectors allow you select files based on age, size and type for submission to a Thunderstorm server.

It is easy to set up a task like: 

“Select all files that have been created or modified within the last 24 hours and submit them to Thunderstorm for analysis. Run this task daily.”

Low CPU and RAM Usage

A collection task requires 0.75-2% of the CPU and 20MB memory. 

Any OS, Any Arch

Our collectors run on any operating system and processor architecture

High Speed

It allows ultra fast collection runs. (Our tests: Win 10, collect last 3 days, any type, full disk = 3 minutes run)

Thunderstorm API Client

We provide a Python module and Python based API client that supports multi-threaded submission to the THOR Thunderstorm service.

Modes of Operation

Service Mode

The service can be started in two scan modes:

  • Pure YARA
  • Full-Featured

Pure YARA

In the pure YARA mode (–pure-yara) THOR Thunderstorm only applies the 13,000 internal and all custom YARA rules to the submitted samples. It’s leightweight and super fast.

Full-Featured

The full-featured mode is the default. In this mode Thunderstorm also parses and analyses Windows Eventlogs (EVTX), registry hives, memory dumps, Windows error reports (WER) and more. It’s not just a YARA scan, but a full forensic processing.

More Features

Completely On Premise

THOR Thunderstorm can be installed on any internal system and runs as a service within your network

Sample Storage

Store suspicious or all transmitted samples with a reference to the source system to facilitate the deeper analysis

Forensic Modules

THOR Thunderstorm supports the analysis of different file types that get collected for forensic analysis purposes (e.g. EVTX files, Registry Hives)

Custom Signatures and IOCs

Add you own YARA signatures, Sigma rules, hash and filename IOCs and apply them to incoming samples

SIEM Integration

THOR Thunderstorm offers many ways to output information (Text, JSON, Syslog), which makes it easy to integrate the findings into your favorite SIEM system

Web GUI and API Documentation

The API documentation is embedded into the web service itself. You can even send requests right from the browser to test it live.

The Web GUI contains important information about the service like the signature set version, uptime, number of processed and queued samples and much more. 

It contains some graphs that help you to assess the actual server load and processing speed. 

It also contains links to the API documentation, the Python API library and the Thunderstorm Collectors for your convenience. 

 

On The Roadmap

The following tasks are on our roadmap for THOR Thunderstorm

  • Collector service that uses file system notifications to submit new files in real-time
  • Cortex Analyzer
  • ICAP Support (allows interfacing with Web Proxies)
  • File format support: PCAP, MFT
  • Recursive extraction of nested archives
  • Docker setup guide

Getting Started

Please use the “GET STARTED” button in the upper right corner or this link to request more information.

The release slide deck contains more detailed information on some of the mentioned aspects.

 

THOR v10.6 TechPreview

Oct 1, 2020 | Newsletter, THOR, Thunderstorm

We are proud do announce the version 10.6 of THOR, which is the first one that gets released as a TechPreview. We’ve discussed the split-up into THOR and THOR TechPreview in a previous post.  

The following post describes the most important new feature of the THOR v10.6 TechPreview version.

THOR Thunderstorm

THOR 10.6 is the first version that support a new mode of operation – a RESTful web API service named THOR Thunderstorm. THOR Thunderstorm is able to receive thousands of samples per minute via web requests, scans them and returns a scan result. 

We’ve outlined many use cases and features of THOR Thunderstorm in a separate blog post. 

THOR Thunderstorm requires a separate license named “service license” to run. 

 

Multi-Threaded Scanning

Especially the customers with a lab license should be happy to hear that we’ve implemented multi-threaded scanning. 

From now on, THOR can use multiple threads to process elements (files, registry keys, events in eventlog etc.). 

This can boost the scan speed on mounted images significantly. Our tests on a 16 Core system showed a scan speed improvement of 1400%. 

Reworked Quick Scan

Quick scan (–quick) is used when fast scan results are crucial. It usually takes less than 25 minutes to complete. This is achieved by skipping elements in the scan. Quick in versions previous to 10.6 do the following: they skip the Eventlog scan and scan only a set of 40+ highly relevant folders on disk. 

The new quick scan doesn’t skip whole modules or directories anymore. For all previously skipped elements the new quick scan evaluates if they have been modified or created within the last 72 hours and scans only these elements. 

This way the new quick scan is much more intense but should  be only slightly slower. 

Other Changes

  • We’ve changed the ambigious “–fsonly” flag to “–lab” to indicate the best settings for scanning in a forensic lab (the old flag is still usable but hidden in the usage description)
  • Virtual drive name mapping (used in lab scans to map the actual mount point to the original one)
  • Minor changes to some log lines (extended field values) 

Getting Started

Customers can download the THOR TechPreview version 10.6 in the Downloads section of the customer portal or use thor-util in it’s newest version to download that version with the flag “–techpreview”. ASGARD version 2.5.3 also supports scan runs with THOR TechPreview. 

Introduction THOR TechPreview

Aug 31, 2020 | Newsletter, THOR

Since its early days, THOR has always been focused on stability and detection rate. With the early module and feature set, we never had to make a compromise. 

However, during the last 1-2 years, we had to make some decisions on the integration of new features and their default state in favor of stability. These decisions include e.g. the process dump feature, the PE-Sieve integration and Sigma scanning. 

Detection and stability have become two competing goals. We do not want to make these hard decisions anymore and leave them to you. You decide, based on your use case, if you want to use the version with newest features and detection capabilities or the one with a maximum of stability. 

With THOR version 10.6 we introduce a version named THOR TechPreview, which includes the newest features, refactored modules and new modes of operation. 

THOR TechPreview is a special THOR version that contains the newest modules and great detection features, which have not yet been tested on thousands of systems.

Florian Roth

Head of Research

The first release of THOR TechPreview will be version 10.6.
The standard version of THOR remains version 10.5 until the refactored and new features of the TechPreview have been proved to be stable. The expected release cycles of new version of THOR Tech Preview will be once a month, while new minor versions of THOR will be released only twice a year. Both versions receive bugfix updates and use the same signature set. 

ASGARD and THOR TechPreview

The current ASGARD Management Centers continue to use the standard THOR versions. The next minor release ASGARD 2.6, which is planned for October 2020, includes the option to use the TechPreview variant.  

Recommended Use Cases

The TechPreview version is recommended for all use cases in which detection capabilities have higher priority than stability. We would e.g. always recommend the TechPreview for image scans in a forensics labs.

Internal Testing

THOR TechPreview is not an untested version. It still goes through our internal testing on almost a hundred different test systems in 4 different test configurations.

Getting Started

Customers can download the new THOR TechPreview version from the download section in the customer portal once it gets released. Thor-Util version 1.11+ also supports the TechPreview download. We’ve planned the release for September 8.

Use THOR in CrowdStrike Falcon Real Time Response

Aug 24, 2020 | THOR

One of our customers has successfully deployed THOR using CrowdStrike’s Falcon Real Time Response.

Falcon’s Real Time Response provides a remote shell that is very similar to Microsoft Defenders ATP’s Live Response, which we’ve already combined with THOR Cloud (see this page). 

The most important feature that allows us to integrate THOR is the ability to upload binaries to a remote system and execute them.

The Real Time Response shell offers a set of commands to interact with the remote system.

We used “put” and “run” to upload and run THOR and “get” to download the scan results.

Since the “run” command doesn’t accept any command line flags, it comes in handy that THOR accepts all his command line flags with config files in YAML format.

You can simply put all command line flags that you’d like to use into `thor.yml`, which is the default config file that gets initialized automatically during startup.

You can find more information on the YAML config files in chapter 10 of THOR’s manual. 

 

We recommend editing the “thor.yml” before uploading the THOR package to the remote system using the “put” command. 

It is advisable to set a specific output path for the log file or use the “rebase-dir” flag to create all output files in a certain folder. Many users reduce THOR’s CPU load to a lower value to influence the remote system as little as possible.

...
rebase-dir: C:\Temp
cpulimit: 70

You can then expand the archive using “Expand-Archive thor.zip” (PowerShell) or upload a “7z.exe” on very old systems with old PowerShell versions that don’t support the “Expand-Archive” command. 

You have to configure a “Sensor Visibility Exclusion” for THOR for the complete host group. Exclusions are relative to the file system’s root, so the pattern should look like: 

\temp\thor\**\*.exe

After a successful scan run, you can download the results using the “get” command and remove the exclusion.

It is possible to integrate THOR into many endpoint solutions. If you’d like to check the integration into your solution, please contact us to get a trial version of THOR. We offer special discounts for customers that help us showcase interesting integrations.